Economische betrekkingen

Achtergrond 14 september 2006

Economische betrekkingen

Belangrijkste handelspartners van Duitsland in 2001 (in miljoenen euro)

DUITSE IMPORT

DUITSE EXPORT

1

 Frankrijk 49742,7

 Frankrijk 69600,5

2

 Verenigde Staten 45981,7

 Verenigde Staten 67823,9

3

 Nederland 43233,3

 Verenigd Koninkrijk 52763,8

4

 Verenigd Koninkrijk 37259,1

 Italië 47119,0

5

 Italië 35279,8

 Nederland 40011,1

6

 België 26735,1

 Oostenrijk 33486,1

7

 Japan 22910,2

 België 32269,6

8

 Oostenrijk 20663,6

 Spanje 27840,9

9

 China 19941,7

 Zwitserland 27489,3

10

 Zwitserland 19752,6

 Polen 15206,1

Bron: Statistisches Bundesamt

Van alle goederen die Duitsland in 2001 importeerde (circa 550 miljard euro), was 9 procent afkomstig uit de Verenigde Staten en Canada. Voor export lag dit percentage iets hoger: van de totale Duitse export (bijna 640 miljard euro) was ongeveer 11 procent bestemd voor Amerika en Canada.

In de twee volgende grafieken wordt een globaal overzicht gegeven van de meest verhandelde goederen tussen Duitsland en de Verenigde Staten:

Duitse export naar Amerika




 

 

 

 

 


Bron: Statistisches Bundesamt

Duitse import vanuit Amerika

 

 

 

 

 

 



Bron: Export Statistics Express

Buitenlandse investeringen
Naast directe onderlinge handel zijn wederzijdse investeringen een belangrijke graadmeter voor de economische verbondenheid tussen de Bondsrepubliek (en Europa in het geheel) en Amerika. Meer dan 60 procent van de buitenlandse investeringen in de Verenigde Staten is afkomstig uit Duitsland en Europa. Ongeveer 3900 Duitse ondernemingen in Amerika nemen 38 procent van alle Duitse investeringen in het buitenland voor hun rekening. Zo opende Mercedes Benz een vestiging in Tuscaloosa (Alabama) en is Bayer actief in Pennsylvania. Een ander bekend Duits bedrijf dat opereert in Amerika is Adidas. Omgekeerd zijn ook veel bedrijven uit de Verenigde Staten actief op de Europese markt: ongeveer 45 procent van de Amerikaanse investeringen in het buitenland is bestemd voor de Europese Unie. Van alle buitenlandse investeringen in het Duitse bedrijfsleven is bijna een kwart afkomstig uit Amerika. In totaal zijn er iets meer dan tweeduizend Amerikaanse bedrijven in Duitsland. Bekende voorbeelden hiervan zijn Microsoft, Starbucks Coffee Company en Nike, de grote concurrent van Adidas.

Overnames
Een interessante trend van de laatste jaren is dat Duitse bedrijven zich door overnames van en fusies met Amerikaanse bedrijven een positie weten te verwerven op de markt in de Verenigde Staten. Wellicht het bekendste voorbeeld is de fusie tussen de automerken Daimler (Duitsland) en Chrysler (VS) tot DaimlerChrysler. Andere voorbeelden zijn de overname van Random House door Bertelsmann en Bankers' Trust door Deutsche Bank.

Toerisme
Een belangrijke economische sector in Duitsland is het toerisme. Vooral voor regio's die industrieel zwak ontwikkeld zijn, vormen toeristen een belangrijke bron van inkomsten. De meeste vakantiegangers in Duitsland zijn afkomstig uit Nederland. Na de Nederlanders vormen Amerikaanse toeristen de grootste groep. In 2001 hielden ruim vier miljoen Amerikanen vakantie in de Bondsrepubliek. Van alle buitenlandse vakantiegangers in Amerika, is ongeveer 7 procent afkomstig uit de Bondsrepubliek (in 2000 gingen bijna twee miljoen Duitsers op vakantie in de Verenigde Staten).

Koen Schunselaar is student Geschiedenis van de Internationale Betrekkingen en als stagiair werkzaam op de redactie van het Duitslandweb.

Bronnen:
Statistisches Bundesamt
Auswärtiges Amt
Office of Travel and Tourism Industries  

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